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The Second Libyan Civil War〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Libya’s Second Civil War: How did it come to this? )〕 is an ongoing conflict between four rival organizations seeking to control Libya: *The internationally recognized government of the Council of Deputies that was elected democratically in 2014, also known as the "Tobruk government" and internationally known formally as the "Libyan Government". This government has the loyalty of the Libyan Army under the command of General officer Khalifa Haftar and has been supported by air strikes by Egypt and the UAE. *The rival Islamist government of the new General National Congress based in the capital Tripoli, led by the Muslim Brotherhood, backed by the wider Islamist coalition known as "Libya Dawn" and aided by Qatar, Sudan, and Turkey.〔 *The Islamist Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, led by Ansar al-Sharia (Libya). They have had the support of the New General National Congress and the unrecognised government in Tripoli led by former Prime Minister Omar Al-Hassi, stating that Ansar al-Sharia are "simple, beautiful and amiable" as well as being engaged in “missionary work". *The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's Libyan provinces.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Picking Sides in Libya won’t work ) “One is the internationally recognized government based in the eastern city of Tobruk and its military wing, Operation Dignity, led by General Khalifa Haftar. The other is the Tripoli government installed by the Libya Dawn coalition, which combines Islamist militias with armed groups from the city of Misrata. The Islamic State has recently established itself as a third force”〕 As well as two smaller organizations seeking to control small parts of Libya: *The Tuareg militias of Ghat, controlling desert areas in the southwest. *Local forces in Misrata district, controlling the towns of Bani Walid and Tawergha. The belligerents are coalitions of armed groups that sometimes change sides.〔 At the beginning of 2014, Libya was governed by the General National Congress (GNC) after the election of 2012. Since then, Islamist parties had controlled the assembly, outmaneuvering the majority centrists and liberals, and electing Nouri Abusahmain as president of the GNC in June 2013. According to some, Abusahmain abused his powers to suppress debates and inquiries.〔.〕 In December 2013, the GNC voted to enforce a variant of sharia law and decided to extend its 18-month mandate for a year until the end of 2014. On 14 February 2014, in a coup attempt, General Khalifa Haftar, who served under the former regime of Muammar Gaddafi, called on the GNC to dissolve and for the formation of a caretaker government committee to oversee new elections. In May 2014, forces loyal to General Haftar launched a large scale air and ground offensive codenamed Operation Dignity (; 'Amaliya al-Karamah) against Islamist armed groups in Benghazi and against the GNC in Tripoli. In June, the GNC called for new elections to a Council of Deputies: Islamists were defeated, but rejected the results of the election, which saw only an 18% turnout.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Libyans mourn rights activist amid turmoil )〕 The conflict escalated on 13 July 2014, when Tripoli's Islamists and Misratan militias launched Operation Libya Dawn to seize Tripoli International Airport, capturing it from the Zintan militia on 23 August. Shortly thereafter, members of the General National Congress, whom had rejected the June election, reconvened as New General National Congress and voted themselves as replacement of the newly elected Council of Deputies, with Tripoli as their political capital, Nouri Abusahmain as president and Omar al-Hasi as prime minister. As a consequence, the majority of the Council of Deputies was forced to relocate to Tobruk, aligning itself with Haftar's forces and eventually nominating him army chief. On 6 November, the supreme court in Tripoli, dominated by the new GNC, declared the Council of Deputies dissolved. The Council of Deputies rejected this ruling as made "under threat".〔(【引用サイトリンク】Libya parliament rejects court ruling, calls grow for international action )〕 On 16 January 2015, Operation Dignity and Libya Dawn factions agreed on a ceasefire.〔 The country is now led by two separate governments, with Tripoli and Misrata controlled by forces loyal to Libya Dawn and the new GNC in Tripoli, while the international community recognizes Abdullah al-Thani's government and its parliament in Tobruk.〔.〕 Benghazi remains contested between pro-Haftar forces and radical Islamists.〔.〕 On 15 February, ISIL in Libya released a video showing the beheading of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians the group had previously captured in Sirte.〔.〕 Egyptian authorities carried out airstrikes on ISIL targets in Libya in response to the executions.〔.〕 ==Background of discontent with General National Congress== At the beginning of 2014, Libya was governed by the General National Congress (GNC) (which had been elected by popular vote a year and a half earlier). The GNC had become the subject of considerable discontent for among other things: allegedly being dominated by Islamists despite that group's holding of only a minority of seats in the GNC; channeling government funds towards some Islamist armed groups and allowing others to conduct assassinations and kidnappings;〔 suppressing inconvenient debates and inquiries in the congress by removing them from the congressional agenda;〔 voting to declare sharia law and establishing "a special committee" to "review all existing laws to guarantee they comply with Islamic law";〔 imposing gender segregation and compulsory hijab at Libyan universities; and refusing to hold new elections when its electoral mandate expired in January 2014 until after Khalifa Haftar launched a military offensive against it.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Libyan Civil War (2014–present)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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